2 cavity klystron pdf merge

Principle high velocity electron beam is formed, focused and sent down along a glass tube to a collector electrode, which. View and download powerpoint presentations on two cavity reflex klystron ppt. I, can be likened to a voltage amplifier and the stage between the second and third cavities acts as a power amplifier. Introduction the magnetron is a vacuum tube which is used to generate microwaves of high power. The simplest klystron tube is the two cavity klystron. Operating characteristics of a clamp klystron oscillator at eband. I am reading two cavity klystrons but not able to understand at all. We present the results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of a two stage multiple cavity klystron oscillator in w band. Technology, allahabad, india, before joining as a scientist at the microwave tube. The principle of velocityvariation, first used in heil oscillators, was also used in other microwave amplifying and oscillating tubes. At a very high temperature, the cathode emits electrons. Vidyalankar group of educational institutes 1,312 views. The complex dynamics of a model double cavity delayed feedback klystron oscillator is considered. Understandexplain is the principle of working for two cavity klystron with velocity diagram.

Smallsignal theory of the oscillator is developed and start. Linear beam tubes are of two types, cavity type and slow wave structure type. Most of the joining operations including cucu, kovarcu, metallized ceramic. Its working principle is based on the interaction between electron stream and magnetic field. In klystron, each cavity operates independently and there is no mutual coupling. Pdf the effect of space charge on bunching in a two. After the electron gun there are two focusing electrodes used to keep the electron beam in the center around the glass envelope. So far, weve taken b 1 in treating beam cavity interaction, which allows for the approximation of the beam as an ideal current source i.

Klystron oscillator reflex klystron traveling wave tube. A klystron amplifier uses different cavities which control the electric field around the axis of the tube. Microwave engineering cavity klystron for the generation and amplification of microwaves, there is a need of some special tubes called as microwave tubes. Here high velocity electron beam is formed, focused and sent down along a glass tube through an input cavity buncher, a field free drift space and an output cavity catcher to collector electrodeanode.

The multi cavity klystron consist of a glass envelope in which there is an electron gun composed of heater and cathode. The application for klystron with integral cavities is usually credited in the early 1939 to hahn and metcalf and to russell and sigurd varian, two brothers that. The reflex klystron contains a reflector plate, referred to as the repeller, instead of the output cavity used in other types of klystrons. Pdf complex dynamics of a doublecavity delayed feedback. The power gain of a two cavity klystron amplifier is about 30 db. And there is a reflector or repeller to repel the electrons back to the cavity to give feedback and the feedback path phase shift can be adjusted by varying the repeller voltage, because of this reason the two cavity klystron oscillators are not. Complex dynamics of a two cavity klystron oscillator with delayed feedback. Two cavity klystron amplifiers working, amplification and applegate diagram by engineering funda duration. The eik can be considered as a refinement of both two cavity klystron and coupled cavity twt. Thus basically klystron amplifiers possess less power than their counterparts magnetron and travelling wave tube. The two cavity klystron is the simplest klystron tube.

A grid is placed in the middle of these cavities to allow the electrons to flow. Klystron multi cavity klystron, reflex klystron, working. Construction of the final 2 frequency cavity test of the cavity in the obla test stand. The electron beam passes through a resonant cavity the input cavity which is. By covering all the topics like transmission lines, modes of propagation, types of transmission lines, waveguides, components, avalanche transit time devices, microwave devices, eplane tee, hplane tee, eh plane tee, ratrace junction, directional couplers, cavity klystron, reflex klystron, travelling wave tube, magnetrons, measurement. Both of these tricks essentially introduce nonlinear beam modulation in order 1 to increase the harmonic current and 2 to increase the axial range over which there is a large harmonic current. Other articles where twocavity klystron is discussed. In this tube there are two microwave cavity resonators, the catcher and the buncher. Extended interaction klystron eik technology preserves the ruggedness and high power capability of the conventional klystron. A brief introduction to rf power sources 1 introduction 2 klystrons. The reflex klystron is an oscillator with a built in feedback mechanism. Construction a reflex klystron consists of an electron gun, a cavity with a pair of grids and a repeller plate as shown in the above diagram.

The effect of space charge on bunching in a two cavity klystron. Linear beam tubes two cavity klystron hello my name is rajbala, i am pursuing phd under the guidance of professor. Following are the benefits or advantages of klystron. Pdf theory and simulation of a twostage wband multiple. In this design the oscillation is created by the physical shaping of the anode, rather than external circuits or fields. What is the difference between the two cavity klystron.

In this klystron, a single pair of grids does the functions of both the buncher and the catcher grids. When used as an amplifier, the weak microwave signal to be amplified is applied to the buncher cavity through a coaxial cable or waveguide, and the amplified signal is extracted from the catcher cavity. Cavity of a repeller klystron another tube based on velocity modulation, and used to generate microwave energy, is the reflex klystron repeller klystron. Operation with 2 frequency cavity prototype foreseen iecas klystron. The selfoscillation and stationary oscillation conditions are analyzed theoretically. Difference between two cavity klystron and reflex klystron. Microwave engineering ece questions and answers page 2. It is shown that the klystron oscillator with one buncher cavity and one. An electronic oscillator can also be made from a klystron tube when the second cavity resonator is fed back to the first one with a coaxial cable or waveguide. The efficiency of the cascade klystron is about the same as the conventional two cavity singlestage klystron, but the. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about two cavity reflex klystron ppt. Two cavity klystron free study notes for mba mca bba. In order to achieve higher overall gain, one way is to connect several two cavity tubes in cascade, feeding the output to each of.

A klystron is a microwave vacuum tube using cavity resonators to produce velocity modulation of the electron beam and produce amplification. Particles accelerated on a linear path with rf cavities. The function of the catcher grids is to absorb energy from the electron beam. Functional and schematic diagram of a two cavity klystron. Define reflex klystrons, some characteristics and applications. Two cavity klystron klystron is the simplest vacuum tube that can be used for amplification or generation of microwave signal. There are two cavities known as buncher and catcher cavity. The vacuum tube consists of a cathode, which is heated by a filament. Microwave engineering example problems in this chapter, let us have some fun by solving a few numerical problems related to microwaves. Microwave engineering cavity klystron tutorialspoint. Combining equations 10, 11, and gives the following equation for. In the process, he invented the microwave cavity i. Important question and answers on reflex klystron with. What is a klystron amplifier, types, differences and their.

Ece questions and answers on microwave engineering with explanation for various interview, competitive examination and entrance test. Content introduction of two cavity klystron construction of two cavity klystron two cavity klystron amplifier performance characteristics application 3. The first cavity together with the coupling device is termed as a buncher. The name of this klystron is taken due to its reflex act of electron beam. Microwave engineering example problems tutorialspoint. Cavity type structures are the resonant structures. Microwave engineering kg reddy college of engineering. This name is given by the name of its inventor robert sutton, it allow the passage of electron beam through a single resonant cavity. The rf field was created at the short buncher cavity of the clamp. The two cavity klystron is a widely used microwave amplifier operated by the principles of velocity and density modulation. The great advance in magnetron design was the resonant cavity magnetron or electronresonance magnetron, which works on entirely different principles. Now understand the concept of reflex klystron in microwave engineering in details through following questions and answers.

The electrons are originally accelerated to high velocity by a potential of several hundred volts and enter a narrow gap that forms part of a cavity resonator system see. Technical article introduction to the two cavity klystron amplifier july 31, 2018 by mark mitchell klystron amplifiers are used in a variety of industries, including satellite systems, television broadcasting, radar, particle accelerators, and in the medical field. The klystron is the most widely diffused rf source in particle accelerators. A large variety of tubes exists for different applications, spanning wide ranges of frequency and output power, as well as different duty cycles.

Diploma sem v two cavity klystron amplifier microwave and radar lecture vidyalankar duration. The main difference between two cavity reflex klystron amplifier. Firstly, as we know that klystrons are used as amplifiers for microwave frequency and conventional vaccum tubes cant be used due to interelectrode capacitance and lead. Pdf complex dynamics of a twocavity klystron oscillator. Introduction a klystron is a vacuum tube that can be used either as a generator or as an. The operation of klystron depends upon velocity modulation which leads to density modulation. Microwave tubes as microwave source oscillators and amplifiers. Klystron, thermionic electron tube that generates or amplifies microwaves by controlling the speed of a stream of electrons.